16. Represtation of Femininity in Film

15. Representation of Maculinity in Film

14. Audiance Positioning

Aduainces enjoy films when they are the most invlovled with them. Directors and producers of films use different techniques to draw the audience in. When you are really hooked into a film you start to have your own position within it and can relate to the ways in which the characters are feeling as individuals.

Point of view shot 

During a point of view shot, the camera adopts the position of a character within the film, looking at whatever a character sees. This means that the audience can see things from the characters perspective and the audience are more likely to feel the same emotions as and sympathise with the character.

Reaction shot – close up

Shows the characters reaction the the situation. Shows their emotion and how they react.

Shot reverse shot

Camera alternates between two characters to show their conversation. This also hows the relationship between two characters.

13. BBFC Film Rating

Films in the UK have to be classified by a company called the BBFC before they are allowed to be shown in any cinemas or sold on DVD. I researched the BBFC to find what cetrificate I believe that my group's shot film would be classified at and believe it would be most sutilabe to be classifed at a 12A rating.

Here is the link to the BBFC website where is explains what the guidlines for a 12A are and a screenshot of them from their classification guidelines. http://www.bbfc.co.uk/what-classification/12a-and-12

A rating of a 12A means that anyone over the age of 12 can watch the film, or anyone below the age of 12 can also watch the film as long as the are accompanied by an adult.

I think the my groups film would be best suited at a 12A certificate as it will include viloance and antisocial behaviour, such as carrying knives and being in a gang, that would not be suitable ofr anyopne of a younger age. However, these are only moderatly and tehre is no major violance or themes that would have a negative infulacne on most people so it would not be suitated at a 15 or 18 certificate. 

12. Audiances

An audience is a collective group or individual that consume any type of media text. There are two main types of audiences, mass and niche.

Mass Audiences

A mass audience is a large group of people made up of many different social backgrounds. Films that usually have a mass audience are those such as James Bond or Harry Potter. Many films that involve superhero's, such as Batman and Spiderman, also have mass audiences. 

Niche Audiences

A niche audience is a small, select group with particular interests. Many arthouse films and for gain language films have a niche audience. 

Media texts are made with an audience in mind; the most important question in mind when considering a media product is ‘does this have an audience?’ If it doesn’t then there is no point in making the media product as it will not make a profit. As there is now more media technology, there is more competition between the mass media to attract the largest audience possible and make the most profit.

New digital technologies have had an impact on audiences. Old media, such as TV, print and radio, used to have a mass audience but now have to compete with new technology. Digital technology  has also caused increasing uncertainty to how we define an audience. A general agreement is that a large group of people watching the same thing is outdated and audiences are now fragmented.

A fragmented audience is the division of audiences into smaller groups caused by the variety of media outlets. 

An example of this is how Newspapers and CD's are now struggling as they can be downloaded online.

Katz and Blumer are theorist who have researched into  how people use media and they have came up with the Uses and Gratification theory. I have found this slideshare which shows an overview of what the theory involves. 

Uses and Gratifications Theory from shle

Audience Categories

Film companys want to target specific audiences that they know their film will apple to in order for them to gain the most product form their product. Most media products can define their typical viewer by using psychographic and demographic profiles.



Audiences are very important during the production of a film. Producers want their film to have a large audiences as smaller audiences mean smaller profits. They research into audiences audiences using methods such as, questionnaires, focus groups, pre-film screenings in order to find out who is interested in their film. 

Research methods

Film companies measure audaicnes by sales, subscriptopons, ratings, figures

National readership survey - http://www.nrs.co.uk/what-we-do/

The Broadcasters’ Audience Research Board - http://www.barb.co.uk/resources/reference-documents/how-we-do-what-we-do

New ways to measure aduances

Facebook/social networking

Views on youtube

Comment forums

Twitter trends

There are two different ways to research aduainces, quanitiave research and qualitative research.

Quantitate - This research is number based, used closed questions and is very factual

Qualitative - This analyses existing products, used open questions to allow interpretation and also used individual preferences, 

Aduaince engagement and expectations 

Engagement – this describes how an audaince interacts with a media text. Different people react in different ways to the same text

Expectations – these are ideas the audience have in advance of seeing a media text. This perticually applies to genre perices.

Audiences  foreknowledge and identification

Audaicne foreknowledge- this is definite information that and audaince brings to a media product

Audaince identification – this is the ways audiences feel themselves connected to a particular media text, in that they feel directly expresses their attitude or lifestyle

Audience placement – the range of strategies media producers use to directly target a particular audience and make them feel that the medaiu text is ‘specifically for them’.

Audience research – measuring an audience is very imporatanr to all media institutations. Research is done at all stages and once produced audiences will be continually monitored.

11b. Feedback from script

During the process of wiritng our script, we got in touch with script writer, Dudi Appleton and were able to send him our script form him to read over and see what he thought.

http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0032425/ this is a link to Dudi Appleton's IMBD page.

In order to get his feedback, one member of our group, Fiona Aldwin, had a skype conversation with him to see what he thought.

Dudi recommned that we changed certain aspects of our script to make it more sutible for a short film as he beleived the story line would seem rushed if we left it as it was. As a result of this we added in a montage of Amy and Josh. This enabled us to be able to show more of the relationship between the two characters in a shorter amount of time. We also edited the ending to make it more shocking and exciting for the audiance by making the policeman who Josh has a meeting with during the film, to have been friends with Josh's late father before he passed away.  

11a. Finished Script